Comprehensive Guide to Nickel-Based Alloys: Hastelloy C-2000 (UNS N06200)
What is Hastelloy C-2000?
Hastelloy C-2000, designated UNS N06200, is a nickel-based alloy composed of nickel, molybdenum, chromium and other elements, with a nickel content of about 55%. The addition of a certain amount of copper in sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and dilute hydrochloric acid can improve its temperature performance. The high chromium content enables it to maximize resistance to oxidizing chemicals and process streams contaminated with iron ions and dissolved oxygen. The alloy has excellent resistance to chloride corrosion and corrosion. UNS N06200 alloy is widely used in chemical reactors, heat exchangers, petrochemical pipelines, pharmaceutical industry and gas desulfurization systems.
Hastelloy C-2000, as an optimized alloy developed to expand the range of material applications, began with the conceptual idea of adding copper to the established Ni Cr Mo alloy. Since entering the market in late 1995, it has continued to gain market recognition due to its inherent versatility. This technological innovation not only improves the alloy's resistance to aqueous corrosion, but also expands the application range of the Ni Cr Mo family of alloys. The new material is designed to resist more aggressive chemicals, including sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid. Compared with previously optimized nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys that can only resist oxidizing or reducing acids, C-2000 Hastelloy alloy is resistant to corrosion in both environments. The combination of molybdenum and copper (at 16% and 1.6% levels respectively) gives the alloy excellent resistance to corrosion in reducing media, and the high chromium content (23%wt) ensures corrosion resistance in oxidizing media.
From an engineering perspective, C-2000 Hastelloy alloy offers great potential for increased production. When used in the original Ni Cr Mo alloy, its enhanced corrosion resistance achieves longer equipment life at the same material thickness and a higher safety factor in more severe conditions. The improvement in corrosion resistance in all aspects enables equipment to be used for multiple purposes (reactor, heat exchanger, valve, pump, etc.), thereby obtaining a greater return on investment. For example, a reactor can be adapted to another operating condition of a hydrochloric acid mixture and then converted to a nitric acid-based mixture. Due to its multiple capabilities, Hastelloy C-2000 is the best nickel-based alloy material that can adapt to various processes. Ni-2000 alloy has excellent corrosion resistance in various environments. The excellent performance of C-2000 has made a breakthrough in the application of chemical equipment.
High chromium content is used to resist corrosion in oxidizing media such as iron, copper and dissolved oxygen. Reducing media, such as dilute hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, require higher molybdenum and tungsten contents. The limitation of metallurgical stability makes it impossible to optimize both at the same time. Hastelloy C-2000 alloy solves the design dilemma of this alloy.
High chromium content combined with molybdenum and copper has excellent corrosion resistance in reducing environments without sacrificing metallurgical stability. C-2000 alloy exhibits better resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion than the industry standard C-276 alloy. Its forming, welding and machining properties are similar to C-276. C-2000 alloy has products in various shapes: plates, sheets, forging billets, bars, wires, welding rods and pipes. Forged products are delivered with final solution heat treatment unless otherwise requested by the customer. The alloy is listed in ASTM B562-564, B564-B, 564-B and B566-B. DIN standard number is NO.2.4675, nicr23mo16cu. C-2000 alloy UNS unified number is N06200, but with stricter composition control to improve performance.
Features of Hastelloy C-2000 (UNS N06200)
Excellent high temperature oxidation resistance (>1200℃)).
Good high temperature strength.
Good formability and weldability.
Good resistance to stress corrosion cracking.
Types of Hastelloy Alloy
Hastelloy B-3 Nickel-molybdenum alloy has excellent corrosion resistance in reducing environments.
Upgraded version of Hastelloy B-3: B-3 has excellent corrosion resistance to hydrochloric acid at any temperature and concentration.
Hastelloy C-4: Good thermal stability, good toughness and corrosion resistance at 650-1040℃.
Hastelloy C-22: Better uniform corrosion resistance and excellent local corrosion resistance than C-4 and C-276 in oxidizing media.
Hastelloy C-276: Good oxidation resistance and moderate reductive corrosion resistance, excellent stress corrosion resistance.
Hastelloy C-2000: The most comprehensive corrosion-resistant alloy, with excellent uniform corrosion resistance in oxidizing and reducing environments.
Hastelloy G-35: An upgraded product of G-30, with better corrosion resistance and thermal stability, and excellent performance in strongly oxidizing mixed acid media with high chromium content such as phosphoric acid.
Hastelloy X.: Combining the characteristics of high strength, oxidation resistance and easy processing, each of the above grades has its specific chemical composition, mechanical properties and advantages, so we cannot generalize the characteristics of Hastelloy.
Hastelloy alloy is mainly divided into three series: B, C, and G, and is mainly used in iron-based CrNi or CrNiMo stainless steel, non-metallic materials, and other highly corrosive media.
To improve the corrosion resistance and hot and cold processing properties of Hastelloy, three major improvements have been made to Hastelloy:
B series: B → B-3 (00ni70mo28) → B-3
C series: C → C-276 (00cr16mo16w4) → C-4 (00cr16mo16) → X (00cr22mo13w3) → C-2000 (00cr20mo16)
G series: G → G-3 (00cr22ni48mo7cu) → G-30 (00cr30ni48mo7cu)
The most widely used materials are N06200 (B-3), N10276 (C-276), N06200 (X), N06455 (C-4) and N06985 (G-3)
